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This is termed the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) [10] and microalbuminuria is defined as ACR ≥3.5 mg/mmol (female) or ≥2.5 mg/mmol (male), [11] or with both substances measured by mass, as an ACR between 30 and 300 μg albumin/mg creatinine. [12]
Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine (>30 mg per day). It is a type of proteinuria.Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only trace amounts of it are present in urine, whereas larger amounts occur in the urine of patients with kidney disease.
(It is also sometimes reported as "6.0-8.0g/dl"), [2] but this may vary depending on the method of analysis. Concentrations below the reference range usually reflect low albumin concentration, for instance in liver disease or acute infection. Rarely, low total protein may be a sign of immunodeficiency.
A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% prediction interval). [2] It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests.
Testosterone levels in males and females ; Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units ; Infant: Premature (26–28 weeks) 59–125 ng/dL: 2.047–4.337 nmol/L
Albumin is commonly used to replenish and maintain blood volume after traumatic injury, during surgery, and during plasma exchange. [3] Since albumin is the most abundant protein in the plasma its use may be the most well known, but many other proteins, although present in low concentrations, can have important clinical uses. [1] See table ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Bromocresol purple is used in medical laboratories to measure albumin. Use of BCP in this application may provide some advantage over older methods using bromocresol green . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In microbiology, it is used for staining dead cells based on their acidity, and for the isolation and assaying of lactic acid bacteria .