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In the theory of quadratic forms, the parabola is the graph of the quadratic form x 2 (or other scalings), while the elliptic paraboloid is the graph of the positive-definite quadratic form x 2 + y 2 (or scalings), and the hyperbolic paraboloid is the graph of the indefinite quadratic form x 2 − y 2. Generalizations to more variables yield ...
The coefficient a is the same value in all three forms. To convert the standard form to factored form, one needs only the quadratic formula to determine the two roots r 1 and r 2. To convert the standard form to vertex form, one needs a process called completing the square. To convert the factored form (or vertex form) to standard form, one ...
Figure 1. Plots of quadratic function y = ax 2 + bx + c, varying each coefficient separately while the other coefficients are fixed (at values a = 1, b = 0, c = 0). A quadratic equation whose coefficients are real numbers can have either zero, one, or two distinct real-valued solutions, also called roots.
The discriminant B 2 – 4AC of the conic section's quadratic equation (or equivalently the determinant AC – B 2 /4 of the 2 × 2 matrix) and the quantity A + C (the trace of the 2 × 2 matrix) are invariant under arbitrary rotations and translations of the coordinate axes, [14] [15] [16] as is the determinant of the 3 × 3 matrix above.
Quadratic forms are not to be confused with quadratic equations, ... 3-dimensional real quadratic forms as conic sections. An example is given by the three ...
This form is called the normal form of the equation, since two quadrics have the same normal form if and only if there is a Euclidean transformation that maps one quadric to the other. The normal forms are as follows:
While a parabolic arch may resemble a catenary arch, a parabola is a quadratic function while a catenary is the hyperbolic cosine, cosh(x), a sum of two exponential functions. One parabola is f(x) = x 2 + 3x − 1, and hyperbolic cosine is cosh(x) = e x + e −x / 2 . The curves are unrelated.
A quadratic equation is one which includes a term with an exponent of 2, for example, , [40] and no term with higher exponent. The name derives from the Latin quadrus , meaning square. [ 41 ] In general, a quadratic equation can be expressed in the form a x 2 + b x + c = 0 {\displaystyle ax^{2}+bx+c=0} , [ 42 ] where a is not zero (if it were ...