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New map projections are still being developed, university map collections, such as Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection at the University of Texas, offer better and more diverse maps and map tools every day, making available for their students and the broad public ancient maps that in the past were difficult to find.
The most common purpose of a thematic map is to portray the geographic distribution of one or more phenomena. Sometimes this distribution is already familiar to the cartographer, who wants to communicate it to an audience, while at other times the map is created to discover previously unknown patterns (as a form of Geovisualization). [17]
Cartography or map-making is the study and practice of crafting representations of the Earth upon a flat surface [2] (see History of cartography), and one who makes maps is called a cartographer. Road maps are perhaps the most widely used maps today.
Geography and Maps, an Illustrated Guide, by the staff of the US Library of Congress. The history of cartography at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland Antique Maps by Carl Moreland and David Bannister - complete text of the book, with information both on mapmaking and on mapmakers, including short ...
The captions demonstrate clearly the multiple functions of these large medieval maps, conveying a mass of information on Biblical subjects and general history, in addition to geography. Jerusalem is drawn at the centre of the circle, east is on top, showing the Garden of Eden in a circle at the edge of the world (1).
The history of pictorial maps overlaps much with the history of cartography in general, [1] and ancient artifacts suggest that pictorial mapping has been around since recorded history began. In Medieval cartography, pictorial icons as well as religious and historical ideas usually overshadowed accurate geographic proportions.
A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. The translation into Latin and dissemination of Geography in Europe, in the beginning of the 15th century, marked the rebirth of scientific cartography, after more than a millennium of stagnation.
A 1740 map of Paris. Ortelius World Map, 1570. Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. [1] In its modern form, it is a synthesizing discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields.