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The House of Lords [a] is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. [5] Like the lower house, the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. [6] One of the oldest extant institutions in the world, its origins lie in the early 11th century and the emergence of bicameralism in the 13th century. [7 ...
The House of Lords is composed of two major groups: the Lords Spiritual (who in modern times are the archbishops and some of the bishops of the Church of England) and the Lords Temporal (who are the peers who are members of the House of Lords). Although the basic distinction has existed since the origin of the House, the composition of both ...
The following are lists of members of the House of Lords: List of current members of the House of Lords; List of life peerages; List of excepted hereditary peers; List of former members of the House of Lords (2000–present) List of hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Chamber as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson for Ackermann's Microcosm of London (1808–1812). The reform of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, has been a topic of discussion in UK politics for more than a century.
Whilst the House of Lords of the United Kingdom is the upper chamber of Parliament and has government ministers, for many centuries it had a judicial function.It functioned as a court of first instance for the trials of peers and for impeachments, and as a court of last resort in the United Kingdom and prior, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of England.
The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given royal assent on 11 November 1999. [3] For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers); the Act removed ...
Reform of the House of Lords has been a part of successive government policies since the early 19th century. [2] The last major change was made in the House of Lords Act 1999 under the first Blair ministry, which provided that: [2] No-one shall be a member of the House of Lords by virtue of a hereditary peerage.
The origins of the convention date back to the late 19th century, at which time the Conservatives held a majority in the House of Lords and, with the support of the third Marquess of Salisbury, developed the "Referendal Theory", which applied solely to Liberal legislation, under which the House of Lords could obstruct legislation until it had ...