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Wine and whole-grained bread may decrease the risk of gallstones. [26] Rapid weight loss increases risk of gallstones. [27] The weight loss drug orlistat is known to increase the risk of gallstones. [28] Cholecystokinin deficiency caused by celiac disease increases risk of gallstone formation, especially when diagnosis of celiac disease is ...
In epidemiology, a risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection. [ 1 ] : 38 Due to a lack of harmonization across disciplines, determinant , in its more widely accepted scientific meaning , is often used as a synonym.
[88] [174] The same study found the risk of vertical transmission to be 10.8% in HCV-positive, HIV-positive women. [174] Other studies have found the risk of vertical transmission to be as high as 44% among HIV-positive women. [88] The risk of vertical transmission is higher when the virus is detectable in the mother's blood. [174]
Atherosclerosis [a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types and is driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [9]
Increased risk of a broken bone [3] Complications: Chronic pain [3] Usual onset: Older age [3] Risk factors: Alcoholism, anorexia, European or Asian ethnicity, hyperthyroidism, gastrointestinal diseases, surgical removal of the ovaries, kidney disease, smoking, certain medications [3] Diagnostic method: Dexa Scan (Bone density scan) [4] Treatment
The rate of such cancers has increased from an estimated 0.8 cases per 100,000 people in 1988 [76] to 4.5 per 100,000 in 2012, [41] and, as of 2021, the rate has continued to increase. [77] Researchers explain these recent data by an increase in oral sex.
Being female is the single greatest risk factor for developing autoimmune disease than any other genetic or environmental risk factor yet discovered. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Autoimmune conditions overrepresented in women include: lupus , primary biliary cholangitis , Graves' disease , Hashimoto's thyroiditis , and multiple sclerosis , among many others.
A significantly increased risk of death is seen in older people and in those with secondary pneumothoraces, when the lung collapses due to another underlying health condition such as chronic lung disease.