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Pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of increased blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. [7] Symptoms include shortness of breath, fainting, tiredness, chest pain, swelling of the legs, and a fast heartbeat. [7] [1] The condition may make it difficult to exercise. [7] Onset is typically gradual. [8]
Some tests which are commonly used include a CT scan of the chest, ventilation perfusion scan or a CT angiography (to rule out pulmonary hypertension due to chronic blood clots), pulmonary function test, and a cardiac MRI. Cardiac MRI is the preferred test to evaluate right ventricular structure and function in PAH.
The perfusion phase of the test involves the intravenous injection of radioactive technetium macro aggregated albumin (Tc99m-MAA). A gamma camera acquires the images for both phases of the study. [12] A SPECT image can also be taken following an injection of Technetium labelled MAA. SPECT is often skipped if the patient has pulmonary hypertension.
He described chest X-rays with edema and non-specific changes on EKG. Even though these cases had been termed high altitude pneumonia in the past, Houston indicated that these cases were “acute pulmonary edema without heart disease”. [25]
It is regarded as a highly sensitive and specific test for pulmonary embolism. [1] CTPA is typically only requested if pulmonary embolism is suspected clinically. If the probability of PE is considered low, a blood test called D-dimer may be requested. If this is negative and risk of a PE is considered negligible, then CTPA or other scans are ...
Hypertension is diagnosed by sphygmomanometry. A narrow pulse pressure is a sign of aortic stenosis. The chest x-ray may show pulmonary hyperaemia in the case of pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary oligemia in pulmonary stenosis. Pulmonary hypertension is also associated with chronic lung disease.
Chest x-ray – right ventricular hypertrophy, right atrial dilatation, prominent pulmonary artery ECG – right ventricular hypertrophy, dysrhythmia, P pulmonale (characteristic peaked P wave ) Thrombophilia screen- to detect chronic venous thromboembolism (proteins C and S, antithrombin III , homocysteine levels)
In chest X-rays, a diameter of more than 16 mm for the right descending pulmonary artery is also an indicator for pulmonary hypertension. [17] This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure , lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma , or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle ...
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