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Here be dragons – Phrase used on maps to indicate uncharted areas; History of Cartography Project – Publishing project in the Department of Geography at the University of Wisconsin–Madison; Early modern Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) cartography
Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1] Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography, and cartography and mathematical geography. [1]
Cartography or map-making is the study and practice of crafting representations of the Earth upon a flat surface [2] (see History of cartography), and one who makes maps is called a cartographer. Road maps are perhaps the most widely used maps today.
The captions demonstrate clearly the multiple functions of these large medieval maps, conveying a mass of information on Biblical subjects and general history, in addition to geography. Jerusalem is drawn at the centre of the circle, east is on top, showing the Garden of Eden in a circle at the edge of the world (1).
A medieval depiction of the Ecumene (1482, Johannes Schnitzer, engraver), constructed after the coordinates in Ptolemy's Geography and using his second map projection. The translation into Latin and dissemination of Geography in Europe, in the beginning of the 15th century, marked the rebirth of scientific cartography, after more than a millennium of stagnation.
A 1740 map of Paris. Ortelius World Map, 1570. Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. [1] In its modern form, it is a synthesizing discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields.
The Gough Map, a road map of 14th-century Britain (from History of cartography) Image 16 Clay tablet with map of the Babylonian city of Nippur ( c. 1400 BC ) (from History of cartography ) Image 17 Al-Masudi 's world map (10th century) (from History of cartography )
The history of pictorial maps overlaps much with the history of cartography in general, [1] and ancient artifacts suggest that pictorial mapping has been around since recorded history began. In Medieval cartography, pictorial icons as well as religious and historical ideas usually overshadowed accurate geographic proportions.