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Mastocytosis is a rare disease in which there is a proliferation of mast cells that produce excess histamine. [43] Histamine intolerance is a presumed set of adverse reactions (such as flush, itching, rhinitis, etc.) to ingested histamine in food. The mainstream theory accepts that there may exist adverse reactions to ingested histamine, but ...
Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine. They are also considered a type of enteroendocrine cell. [1]
There are several organs and other components involved in the digestion of food. The organs known as the accessory digestive organs are the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. Other components include the mouth, salivary glands, tongue, teeth and epiglottis. The largest structure of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract).
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte [1]) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.
In mammals, histamine is an important biogenic amine with regulatory roles in neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion and immune response. [1] [2] Histidine decarboxylase is the sole member of the histamine synthesis pathway, producing histamine in a one-step reaction. Histamine cannot be generated by any other known enzyme.
Later studies showed that most of the gut peptides, such as secretin, cholecystokinin or substance P, were found to play a role of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central and peripheral nervous systems. [1] Enteroendocrine cells do not form glands but are spread throughout the digestive tract.
Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. [5] Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H 1 , H 2 , H 3 and H 4 . The histamine receptor H 2 belongs to the rhodopsin -like family of G protein-coupled receptors .
Prostaglandins are found in most tissues and organs. They are produced by almost all nucleated cells. They are autocrine and paracrine lipid mediators that act upon platelets, endothelium, uterine and mast cells. They are synthesized in the cell from the fatty acid arachidonic acid. [2]