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Birth defect is a widely used term for a congenital malformation, i.e. a congenital, physical anomaly that is recognizable at birth, and which is significant enough to be considered a problem.
Deformity can be caused by a variety of factors: Arthritis and other rheumatoid disorders; Chronic application of external forces, e.g. artificial cranial deformation Chronic paresis, paralysis or muscle imbalance, especially in children, e.g. due to poliomyelitis or cerebral palsy
A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. [1] Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living , such as respiratory disorders , blindness , epilepsy [ 2 ] and sleep disorders .
Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are relatively minor (typically painless and, in themselves, harmless) congenital physical abnormalities consisting of features such as low-set ears, single transverse palmar crease, telecanthus, micrognathism, macrocephaly, hypotonia and furrowed tongue.
About 3% of newborns have a "major physical anomaly", meaning a physical anomaly that has cosmetic or functional significance. [21] Developmental defects manifest in approximately 3% to 5% of newborns in the United States, between 2% to 3% of which are teratogen-induced. [22] Congenital disorders are responsible for 20% of infant deaths. [23]
Classical classification of human disease derives from the observational correlation between pathological analysis and clinical syndromes. Today it is preferred to classify them by their cause if it is known. [24] The most known and used classification of diseases is the World Health Organization's ICD. This is periodically updated.
Physical disorder, as a medical term, is poorly defined, and typically used in contrast to a mental disorder or a genetic disorder. The term mental disorder is heavily used in psychiatric medicine , and is defined in some psychiatric medicine texts, most notably the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). [ 1 ]
Phocomelia is a congenital condition that involves malformations of human arms and legs which result in a flipper-like appendage. [1] [2] A prominent cause of phocomelia is the mother being prescribed the use of the drug thalidomide during pregnancy; however, the causes of most cases are to be determined. [2]