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Crack cocaine is commonly used as a recreational drug. Effects of crack cocaine include euphoria, [11] supreme confidence, [12] loss of appetite, [11] insomnia, [11] alertness, [11] increased energy, [11] a craving for more cocaine, [12] and potential paranoia (ending after use).
The rate of absorption after nasal insufflation is limited by cocaine-induced vasoconstriction of capillaries in the nasal mucosa. Onset of absorption after oral ingestion is delayed because cocaine is a weak base with a pKa of 8.6, and is thus in an ionized form that is poorly absorbed from the acidic stomach and easily absorbed from the ...
Specific energy absorption rate (SAR) averaged over the whole body or over parts of the body, is defined as the rate at which energy is absorbed per unit mass of body tissue and is expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg). Whole body SAR is a widely accepted measure for relating adverse thermal effects to RF exposure. [9]
Head hair normally growth at the rate of 0.5 inches per month. [67] Thus, the most common hair sample length of 1.5" from the scalp would detect drug use within the last 90-100 days. 80-120 strands of hair are sufficient for the test. [68] In the absence of hair on the head, body hair can be used as an acceptable substitute.
The elimination rate constant K or K e is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug is removed from the human system. [1] It is often abbreviated K or K e. It is equivalent to the fraction of a substance that is removed per unit time measured at any particular instant and has units of T −1.
The indicator is the "annual prevalence" rate which is the percentage of the youth and adult population who have consumed the drug at least once in the past year. According to a 2019 study, 5 Swiss cities ( St Gallen , Bern , Zurich , Basel and Geneva ) were listed among top 10 European cities for cocaine use .
The absorption rate constant K a is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. It is expressed in units of time −1. [1] The K a is related to the absorption half-life (t 1/2a) per the following equation: K a = ln(2) / t 1/2a. [1] K a values can typically only be found in research articles. [2]
Various paraphernalia used to smoke crack cocaine, including a homemade crack pipe made out of an empty plastic water bottle.. In a study done by Roland Fryer, Steven Levitt, and Kevin Murphy, a crack index was calculated using information on cocaine-related arrests, deaths, and drug raids, along with low birth rates and media coverage in the United States.