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In the building and construction industry, until 25–30 years old, prescriptive codes, regulations and standards made innovation and change difficult and costly to implement, and created technical restrictions to trade. These concerns have been the major drivers towards the use of a Performance Based approach to codes, regulations and standards.
The objective of building performance simulation is the quantification of aspects of building performance which are relevant to the design, construction, operation and control of buildings. [1] Building performance simulation has various sub-domains; most prominent are thermal simulation, lighting simulation, acoustical simulation and air flow ...
There are several different building performance standards widely used for designing building codes and energy-efficiency certifications. For instance, the standards produced by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers) and the IECC (International Energy Conservation Code) have been widely used to inform local building codes and energy-efficiency ...
The WBS construction technique employing the 100% rule during WBS construction. The adjacent figure shows a work breakdown structure construction technique that demonstrates the 100% rule and the "progressive elaboration" technique. At WBS Level 1 it shows 100 units of work as the total scope of a project to design and build a custom bicycle.
[2] Performance-based approaches are widely used within the defense industry, [3] but can be applied across many sectors. In the defense industry they are also known as performance-based logistics (PBL). In international development the concept is known under output-based aid. Payment by Results (PbR) is a closely related concept.
The American Society of Professional Estimators (ASPE) defines estimate levels in the reverse order as Level 1 – Order (Range) of Magnitude, Level 2 – Schematic/Conceptual Design, Level 3- Design Development, Level 4 – Construction Document, and Level 5 – Bid.>.” [9] ACostE defines a Class I Estimate as definitive, a Class II Estimate ...
The construction industry has suffered from a productivity decline since the 1960s [4] [5] while all other non-farm industries have seen large boosts in productivity. . Proponents of Integrated project delivery argue that problems in contemporary construction, such as buildings that are behind schedule and over budget, are due to adverse relations between the owner, general contractor, and
US EPA Kansas City Science & Technology Center. LEED Gold certified building. Green building certification systems are a set of rating systems and tools that are used to assess a building or a construction project's performance from a sustainability and environmental perspective. [1]
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