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An onboard refueling vapor recovery system (ORVR) is a vehicle fuel vapor emission control system that captures volatile organic compounds (VOC, potentially harmful vapors) during refueling. [ 1 ] [ page needed ] There are two types of vehicle fuel vapor emission control systems: the ORVR, and the Stage II vapor recovery system. [ 2 ]
A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine.Lean burn engines, particularly diesels, present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen) in the exhaust gas.
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines.The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides.
Most engines require one or more systems to start and shut down the engine and to control parameters such as the power, speed, torque, pollution, combustion temperature, and efficiency and to stabilise the engine from modes of operation that may induce self-damage such as pre-ignition. Such systems may be referred to as engine control units.
The mechanism by which exhaust emissions are controlled depends on the method of injection and the point at which air enters the exhaust system, and has varied during the course of the development of the technology. The first systems injected air very close to the engine, either in the cylinder head's exhaust ports or in the exhaust manifold.
The first included a "Check Engine" light. The second included new process cycles with electric timing retard and the added "Pulse-Air" injection system for emissions control. The third version was updated in 1983 to a new style called the C4 system which used a new microcontroller.
To ensure high quality in the Computer Command Control system, it will be given a final check at the end of the assembly line. Here the completely assembled vehicle will be tested by connecting the computer to a test computer. This will significantly improve GM's ability to catch anything wrong with the system or the car's engine." [1] [2] [3]
GM says this engine weighs 216 pounds (98 kg), ready for installation. [2] The engines debuted in the 2014 Opel Adam [3] and are produced in Szentgotthárd, Hungary, [4] and GM's Flint Engine plant. [5] By 2018, the new engine family had spread to other brands and markets and had replaced three separate engine families (S-TEC, Family 0, and ...