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The most common method measuring and reporting poverty is the headcount ratio, given as the percentage of the population that is below the poverty line. For example, The New York Times in July 2012 reported the poverty headcount ratio as 11.1% of American population in 1973, 15.2% in 1983, and 11.3% in 2000. [6]
For example, the poverty head count ratio at national poverty line (percentage of population) in India was last reported at 21.9% in 2011. [3] In July 2012, The New York Times reported the poverty head count ratio as 11.1% of the population of the United States in 1973, 15.2% in 1983 and 11.3% in 2000. [4]
The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke indices are a family of poverty metrics.The most commonly used index from the family, FGT 2, puts higher weight on the poverty of the poorest individuals, making it a combined measure of poverty and income inequality and a popular choice within development economics.
The depth of poverty is the average 'gap' (G) between the level of deprivation poor people experience and the poverty cut-off line. M1 = H x A x G. Adjusted Squared Poverty Gap (M2): This measure reflects the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty, as well as inequality among the poor (captured by the squared gap, S). M2 = H x A x S.
According to World Bank, "Poverty headcount ratio at a defined value a day is the percentage of the population living on less than that value a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions."
Global map of countries by poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population), 2021 Romanian Harta globală în funcție de pragul de sărăcie de 6,85 USD pe zi (PPC 2017) (% din populație), 2021
The Poverty gap index is the mean distance below the poverty line as a proportion of the poverty line where the mean is taken over the whole population, counting the non-poor as having zero poverty gap. Using the index function, we have: = (<), where define the poverty gap (Gi) as the poverty line (z) less actual income (yi) for poor ...
Sen poverty measure combines the Gini coefficient for people living below the poverty line with headcount ration of poverty and the average income of these below the poverty line. [20] This measure has been developed by Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen but has not yet been used in the field of income inequality hypothesis.