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Bread was a staple food in the Roman world. From 123 BC, a ration of unmilled wheat (as much as 33 kg), known as the frumentatio , was distributed to as many as 200,000 people every month by the Roman state. [ 16 ]
When Romans made their regular visits to burial sites to care for the dead, they poured a libation, facilitated at some tombs with a feeding tube into the grave. Romans drank their wine mixed with water, or in "mixed drinks" with flavorings. Mulsum was a mulled sweet wine, and apsinthium was a wormwood-flavored forerunner of absinthe. [37]
Marcus Gavius Apicius is believed to have been a Roman gourmet and lover of luxury, who lived sometime in the 1st century AD, during the reign of Tiberius. The Roman cookbook Apicius is often attributed to him, though it is impossible to prove the connection.
The Romans also knew that lobsters live in rocky terrain, their reproductive habits, and their seasonal movements. Roman authors provide accounts of how lobsters interacted with octopuses, which are their predators. [47] Fishermen used this information to catch the lobsters using lobster traps, which became a popular metaphor in Roman theatre. [48]
Apicius, also known as De re culinaria or De re coquinaria (On the Subject of Cooking), is a collection of Roman cookery recipes, which may have been compiled in the fifth century CE, [1] or earlier. Its language is in many ways closer to Vulgar than to Classical Latin , with later recipes using Vulgar Latin (such as ficatum , bullire ) added ...
Third-century Roman soldiers battling barbarian troops on the Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus (250–260) Rome was established as a nation by making aggressive use of its high military potential. From very early on in its history, it would raise two armies annually to campaign abroad. The Roman military was far from being solely a defense force.
Although the end date of what constitutes ancient history is disputed, some Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE (the most used), [8] [9] the closure of the Platonic Academy in 529 CE, [10] the death of the emperor Justinian I in 565 CE, [11] the spread of Islam in 610 CE [12] or the rise of Charlemagne [13] as ...
Roman cuisine is the cooking traditions and practices of the Italian city of Rome. It features fresh, seasonal and simply-prepared ingredients from the Roman Campagna . [ 1 ] These include peas , globe artichokes and fava beans , shellfish, milk-fed lamb and goat , and cheeses such as pecorino romano and ricotta . [ 2 ]