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VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.
The US rules require the aircraft to be fitted with the instruments required for IFR flight, [3] and student pilots [4] and sport pilots [5] must maintain visual reference with the surface. Other operations (such as commercial, turbine powered, and fractional ownership) include special limitations.
The aircraft need not necessarily be equipped for flight under IFR, and the aircraft must remain clear of clouds with the surface in sight, and maintain a certain flight visibility minimum (1,500 metres according to ICAO, one statute mile in the US, 1,500 m visibility, in sight of surface and clear of cloud in Europe). The pilot continues to be ...
VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.
A student pilot certificate is obtained through the FAA's Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) system. [10] The student pilot certificate is only required when exercising solo flight privileges. Student pilots must also possess a medical certificate when conducting flights requiring medical certification.
With good visibility, pilots can determine the aircraft attitude by utilising visual cues from outside the aircraft, most significantly the horizon.Without such external visual cues, pilots may be subject to sensory illusions and must use an alternative reference for the attitude, which is usually provided by gyroscopically-driven instruments such as the attitude indicator ("artificial horizon").
The student pilot flying a single-engine plane that landed on a snowy Long Island highway earlier this year forgot to switch fuel tanks during flight.
The candidate must have at least 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, which can include solo cross-country time as a student pilot. Each cross-country must have a landing at an airport that is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original departure point.
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