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A rather different view is presented in a 2013 analysis by Hao and Xue. Their preferred cladogram shows the zosterophylls and associated genera basal to both the lycopodiopsids and the euphyllophytes, so that there is no clade corresponding to the broadly defined group of lycophytes used by other authors. [19]
Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants also known as lycopsids, [1] lycopods, or lycophytes. Members of the class are also called clubmosses , firmosses , spikemosses and quillworts . They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the ...
Members of the family share the common feature of having a microphyll, which is a "small leaf with a single vein, and not associated with a leaf gap in the central vascular system." [ 4 ] In Lycopodiaceae, the microphylls often densely cover the stem in a linear, scale-like, or appressed fashion to the stem, and the leaves are either opposite ...
The rhizome of D. obscurum typically produces only one upright shoot per year and grows in a single direction. [14] In the beginning of a growing season, the rhizome grows a few centimeters and then forms one branch at a 90° angle, alternating sides each year, which remains only millimeters in length.
Some authors include the tree-like "aboresecent lycophytes", which formed forests during the Carboniferous period, and often assigned to their own order, Lepidodendrales, within Isoetales. [ 2 ] Fossilised specimens of Isoetes beestonii have been found in rocks dating to the latest Permian -earliest Triassic .
This category is for the "lycophytes". Their formal classification varies as of July 2019 [update] ; this category is for the broadest circumscription including the extinct zosterophylls (e.g. subdivision Lycophytina of Kenrick & Crane (1997)).
Selaginella moellendorffii is a lycophyte that is an important model organism, especially in comparative genomics. S. moellendorffii is a member of an ancient vascular plant lineage that first appeared in the fossil record some 400 million years ago.
Lycopodium lagopus, commonly known as one-cone club-moss, [5] is an arctic and subarctic species of plants in the genus Lycopodium in the clubmoss family. It is widespread in cold, northerly regions: Canada, Greenland , Russia, Scandinavia, and the northern United States including Alaska .