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Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of its distinct ...
[9] Dyspnea is often the cause of situational changes in a person's environment or activity. For example, 10% of people complain of dyspnea while walking on flat ground to their primary care provider (PCP), [9] while 25% of people complain of dyspnea upon more intense exertion (i.e. climbing stairs or a hill) to their PCP.
Post-exertional malaise (PEM) and exercise intolerance are common symptoms of post-acute infection syndromes. [5] Post-exertional malaise is a worsening of symptoms after minimal physical or mental activity, [ 6 ] and is a cardinal symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). [ 7 ]
Due to the chronic nature of this disease, the leading symptom of restrictive lung disease is progressive exertional dyspnea. [3] For acute on chronic cases, shortness of breath , cough , and respiratory failure are some of the more common signs.
The most common symptom of laryngotracheal stenosis is gradually-worsening breathlessness particularly when undertaking physical activities (exertional dyspnea).The patient may also experience added respiratory sounds which in the more severe cases can be identified as stridor but in many cases can be readily mistaken for wheeze.
The Canadian Consensus Criteria require "post exertional malaise and/or [post exertional] fatigue" instead. [21] [22] [23] [19] [24] On the other hand, the older Oxford Criteria lack any mention of PEM, [25] and the Fukuda Criteria consider it optional. Depending on the definition of ME/CFS used, PEM is present in 60 to 100% of ME/CFS patients. [6]
IPF should be considered in all patients with unexplained chronic exertional dyspnea who present with cough, inspiratory bilateral basal crackles, or finger clubbing. [ 3 ] Assessment of crackles on lung auscultation is a practical way to improve the earlier diagnosis of IPF.
Orthopnea or orthopnoea [1] is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, [2] causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. It is commonly seen as a late manifestation of heart failure, resulting from fluid redistribution into the central circulation, causing an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure and causing difficulty in breathing.