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These horses are typically treated with rifampin in addition to one of the previously mentioned antibiotics. In addition, anti-inflammatories are important, to reduce the swelling and pain of the inflammatory response. NSAIDs are commonly used (flunixin is the drug of choice, but phenylbutazone may also be used).
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), or equine Cushing's disease, is an endocrine disease affecting the pituitary gland of horses. It is most commonly seen in older animals, [1] and is classically associated with the formation of a long, wavy coat and chronic laminitis.
The fungus is known to have been used as a firestarter in Hedeby, [14] and it is known that the fungus was used as early as 3000 BCE. When found, the 5,000-year-old Ötzi the Iceman was carrying four pieces of F. fomentarius fruit body. [27] Chemical tests led to the conclusion that he carried it for use as tinder. [28]
FamilyTreeDNA is a division of Gene by Gene, a commercial genetic testing company based in Houston, Texas. FamilyTreeDNA offers analysis of autosomal DNA, Y-DNA, and mitochondrial DNA to individuals for genealogical purpose. With a database of more than two million records, it is the most popular company worldwide for Y-DNA and mitochondrial ...
The fungus has been identified as the common causal agent of mycetomata, a chronic fungal infection, which gives rise to pigmented nodules on the body of horses upon traumatic injury. [10] Also, C. geniculata has been reported to cause bovine mycotic abortion in cattle, likely by inhalation or ingestion of the conidia by pregnant cows. [11]
An adhesive basal element at one end of the filament can aid attachment to solid surfaces. [2] The sheath offers some protection from predators, and the ability to anchor in flowing water allows access to a passing stream of food and nutrients. [3] Individual mature cells swarm out of the protective tube to colonize new sites. [4]
Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a Lancefield group C streptococcus that was first isolated in 1934 by P. R. Edwards, and named Animal pyogens A. [1] It is a mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen that infects several animals and humans, but most commonly isolated from the uterus of mares.
When infection is disseminated throughout the body, Amphotericin B is the drug of choice. To completely clear the fungus, the course of treatment generally lasts from 3 to 6 months. [13] In vitro susceptibility to antifungal drugs has been shown to be dependent on the growth phase (hyphal or yeast) of the fungus. [27]