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The following is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939). The first list includes female presidents who are heads of state and may also be heads of government, as well as female heads of government who are not concurrently head of state, such as prime ministers.
Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Ceylon, now Sri Lanka (1960–1965): The first elected female prime minister (head of government) of a sovereign country. She served again 1970–77 and 1994–2000; in total she served for 17 years. Indira Gandhi, India (1966–1977): The first female prime minister of a present-day G20 country. She served again 1980–1984.
"Djibouti" means "Land of Tehuti" or "Land of Thoth", after the Egyptian Moon God Hungary: Hunor (or Magyarország — Magor) Bhārat : Dushyanta's son Bharata or Rishabha's son Bharata [6] Egypt: Misr in Arabic, Misrayim in Hebrew, named after the biblical figure Mizraim. Israel: Jacob, who was also called Israel in the Bible: Éire
Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's "formation" cannot be objectively determined; e.g., the fact that England and France were sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to Great ...
In 1893 it extended voting rights to women, making New Zealand the first country in the world to enact universal female suffrage. [131] New Zealand gained international attention for its reforms, especially how the state regulated labour relations. [132] The effect was especially strong on the reform movement in the United States. [133]
The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa and Oceania) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such as queens regnant. Section 2 lists legendary monarchs.
Liechtenstein was one of the last countries, in 1984. [155] After French women were given the right to vote in 1945, two women's organizations were founded in the French colony of Martinique. Le Rassemblement féminin and l'Union des femmes de la Martinique both had the goal of encouraging women to vote in the upcoming elections.
A pioneering study was Patricia Grimshaw, Women's Suffrage in New Zealand (1972), explaining how that remote colony became the first country in the world to give women the vote. Women's history as an academic discipline emerged in the mid-1970s, typified by Miriam Dixson , The Real Matilda: Woman and Identity in Australia, 1788 to the Present ...