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The NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [1] is a reference work maintained by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.It defines a large number of terms relating to algorithms and data structures.
The two for-loops (line 7 and line 8) can be executed in parallel. The update of the next frontier (line 10) and the increase of distance (line 11) need to be atomic. Atomic operations are program operations that can only run entirely without interruption and pause. A PRAM Model. However, there are two problems in this simple parallelization.
The divide-and-conquer technique is the basis of efficient algorithms for many problems, such as sorting (e.g., quicksort, merge sort), multiplying large numbers (e.g., the Karatsuba algorithm), finding the closest pair of points, syntactic analysis (e.g., top-down parsers), and computing the discrete Fourier transform . [1]
A graph exemplifying merge sort. Two red arrows starting from the same node indicate a split, while two green arrows ending at the same node correspond to an execution of the merge algorithm. The merge algorithm plays a critical role in the merge sort algorithm, a comparison-based sorting algorithm. Conceptually, the merge sort algorithm ...
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
The state of a deterministic finite automaton = (,,,,) is unreachable if no string in exists for which = (,).In this definition, is the set of states, is the set of input symbols, is the transition function (mapping a state and an input symbol to a set of states), is its extension to strings (also known as extended transition function), is the initial state, and is the set of accepting (also ...
The precise analysis of the performance of a disjoint-set forest is somewhat intricate. However, there is a much simpler analysis that proves that the amortized time for any m Find or Union operations on a disjoint-set forest containing n objects is O(m log * n), where log * denotes the iterated logarithm. [12] [13] [14] [15]
The green and blue boxes combine to form the entire sorting network. For any arbitrary sequence of inputs, it will sort them correctly, with the largest at the bottom. The output of each green or blue box will be a sorted sequence, so the output of each pair of adjacent lists will be bitonic, because the top one is blue and the bottom one is green.