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Plane curves can be represented in Cartesian coordinates (x, y coordinates) by any of three methods, one of which is the implicit equation given above. The graph of a function is usually described by an equation y = f ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(x)} in which the functional form is explicitly stated; this is called an explicit representation.
The unit circle can be specified as the level curve f(x, y) = 1 of the function f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2.Around point A, y can be expressed as a function y(x).In this example this function can be written explicitly as () =; in many cases no such explicit expression exists, but one can still refer to the implicit function y(x).
Applying the Mycielskian repeatedly, starting with the one-edge graph, produces a sequence of graphs M i = μ(M i−1), sometimes called the Mycielski graphs. The first few graphs in this sequence are the graph M 2 = K 2 with two vertices connected by an edge, the cycle graph M 3 = C 5 , and the Grötzsch graph M 4 with 11 vertices and 20 edges.
Forbidden graph characterizations may be used in algorithms for testing whether a graph belongs to a given family. In many cases, it is possible to test in polynomial time whether a given graph contains any of the members of the obstruction set, and therefore whether it belongs to the family defined by that obstruction set.
By the implicit function theorem, each choice defines a function; for the first one, the (maximal) domain is the interval [−2, 2] and the image is [−1, 1]; for the second one, the domain is [−2, ∞) and the image is [1, ∞); for the last one, the domain is (−∞, 2] and the image is (−∞, −1]. As the three graphs together form a ...
The value of the function at a critical point is a critical value. [ 1 ] More specifically, when dealing with functions of a real variable , a critical point, also known as a stationary point , is a point in the domain of the function where the function derivative is equal to zero (or where the function is not differentiable ). [ 2 ]
A graph is said to be k-factor-critical if every subset of n − k vertices has a perfect matching. Under this definition, a hypomatchable graph is 1-factor-critical. [13] Even more generally, a graph is (a,b)-factor-critical if every subset of n − k vertices has an r-factor, that is, it is the vertex set of an r-regular subgraph of the given ...
In combinatory logic for computer science, a fixed-point combinator (or fixpoint combinator) [1]: p.26 is a higher-order function (i.e. a function which takes a function as argument) that returns some fixed point (a value that is mapped to itself) of its argument function, if one exists.