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Robert Phillipson (1992) formulated "native speaker fallacy", which suggests that the ideal teacher of English is a native speaking teacher. [9] Being a non-native speaking teacher was considered to be a distinct quality by George Braine (1999) [10] who argued that "the very fact that non-native speakers of a language have undergone the process ...
The European Union is a supranational union composed of 27 member states. The total English-speaking population of the European Union and the United Kingdom combined (2012) is 256,876,220 [70] (out of a total population of 500,000,000, [71] i.e. 51%) including 65,478,252 native speakers and 191,397,968 non-native speakers, and would be ranked 2nd if it were included.
The United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, where the overwhelming majority of native English speakers reside, do not have English as an official language de jure, but English is considered their de facto official language because it dominates in these countries. [citation needed]
The list contains 1,603 communities in 44 states, with 1,101 of these having Spanish as the plurality language, 89 an Indo-European language other than English or Spanish, 35 an Asian or Pacific Islander language, 176 a language not yet listed, and 206 with an English plurality but not a majority.
In Modiano's model of English, the center consists of users of English as an International Language, with a core set of features that are comprehensible to the majority of native and competent non-native speakers of English. The second circle consists of features that may become internationally common or may fall into obscurity.
A new review of more than 5,000 pediatric research articles found just nine percent include non-English speaking children or… Hundreds of studies assessed specifically excluded non-English ...
Estimates of the numbers of second language and foreign-language English speakers vary greatly from 470 million to more than 1 billion, depending on how proficiency is defined. [9] Linguist David Crystal estimates that non-native speakers now outnumber native speakers by a ratio of 3 to 1. [87]
Technically, TEFL refers to English language teaching in a country where English is not the official language, TESL refers to teaching English to non-native English speakers in a native English-speaking country and TESOL covers both. In practice, however, each of these terms tends to be used more generically across the full field.