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The chemical reaction Brand stumbled on was as follows. Urine contains phosphates PO 4 3−, as sodium phosphate (i.e. with Na +) in the form of microcosmic salt, and various carbon-based organics. Under strong heat the oxygen atoms from the phosphate react with carbon to produce carbon monoxide CO, leaving elemental phosphorus P, which comes ...
Vivianite crystals are often found inside fossil shells, such as those of bivalves and gastropods, or attached to fossil bone. Vivianite can also appear on the iron coffins or on the corpses of humans as a result of a chemical reaction of the decomposing body with the iron enclosure.
Penikisite was found in a Yukon phosphate deposit near Rapid Creek. The mineral, along with kulanite, occurs in an iron-formation. [9] In these iron-formations, Mg-rich zones were discovered and named penikisite in honor of Gunar Penikis who discovered these phosphate occurrences with Alan Kulan. [5]
Note: René Haüy discovered that emeralds and beryls crystals are geometrically identical. He asked Vauquelin for a chemical analysis, and so Vauquelin found a new "earth" (beryllium oxide). Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742 –1786), discovery of oxygen with Priestley; identification of molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen, and chlorine.
Crystal structure: black: ... Phosphorus was the first element to be "discovered", ... Phosphate rock mined in the United States, 1900–2015 (data from US Geological ...
Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO 3− 4) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO 3− 4) and vanadate (VO 3− 4) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl −), fluoride (F −), and hydroxide (OH −) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure. The phosphate class of minerals is a large ...
Wavellite from the Avant Mine, Garland County, Arkansas, showing spherical structure (size: 3.4 x 2.0 x 1.1 cm) Wavellite was first described in 1805 for an occurrence at High Down, Filleigh, Devon, England and named by William Babington in 1805 in honor of Dr. William Wavell (1750–1829), [4] a Devon-based physician, botanist, historian, and naturalist, who brought the mineral to the ...
1916 - Peter Debye and Paul Scherrer discovered powder (polycrystalline) diffraction. [59] 1916 - Paul Peter Ewald predicted the Pendellösung effect, which is a foundational aspect of the dynamical diffraction theory of X rays. [60] 1917 - Albert W. Hull independently discovered powder diffraction in researching the crystal structure of metals ...