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In 1988, the Israeli botanist Daniel Zohary and the German botanist Maria Hopf formulated their founder crops hypothesis. They proposed that eight plant species were domesticated by early Neolithic farming communities in Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent) and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across much of Eurasia, including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North ...
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible. [1]
The Neolithic founder crops (or primary domesticates) are the eight plant species that were domesticated by early Holocene (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) farming communities in the Fertile Crescent region of southwest Asia, and which formed the basis of systematic agriculture in the Middle East, North Africa, India ...
4000 BC – In Mehrgarh, the domestication of numerous crops, including peas, sesame seeds, dates, and cotton, as well as a wide range of domestic animals, including the Domestic Asian Water Buffalo, an animal that remains essential to intensive agricultural production throughout Asia today.
All of these human achievements of the Neolithic were in place well before we encounter anything like a state in Mesopotamia." [6] Scott then gives his definition of a state, emphasizing the indicators "that point to territoriality and a specialized state apparatus: walls, tax collection, and officials." [7] The Sumerian city of Uruk offers an ...
These eight crops occur more or less simultaneously on Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites in the Levant, although wheat was the first to be grown and harvested on a significant scale. [ citation needed ] [ dubious – discuss ] At around the same time (9400 BC), parthenocarpic fig trees were domesticated.
Vavilov's 1924 scheme suggested that plants were domesticated in China, Hindustan, Central Asia, Asia Minor, Mediterranean, Abyssinia, Central and South America A Vavilov center or center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. [ 1 ]
De novo domestication refers to the process by which wild species are intentionally transformed into domesticated varieties. [1] The majority of domesticated species has been under domestication for millenia, with the first animal, the dog, having been under domestication for between 40,000-30,000 years, and the first plants since the start of the Neolithic Revolution, approximately 12,000 ...