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  2. Voluntary association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_association

    Common examples include trade associations, trade unions, learned societies, professional associations, and environmental groups. All such associations reflect freedom of association in ultimate terms (members may choose whether to join or leave), although membership is not necessarily voluntary in the sense that one's employment may ...

  3. Gift economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_economy

    As an intellectual abstraction, mutual aid was developed and advanced by mutualism or labor insurance systems and thus trade unions, and has been also used in cooperatives and other civil society movements. Typically, mutual-aid groups are free to join and participate in, and all activities are voluntary.

  4. Neoliberalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalism

    Neoliberals argue that free trade promotes economic growth, [280] reduces poverty, [280] [277] produces gains of trade like lower prices as a result of comparative advantage, [281] maximizes consumer choice, [282] and is essential to freedom, [283] [284] as they believe voluntary trade between two parties should not be prohibited by government ...

  5. Voluntary exchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Exchange

    Voluntary exchange is the act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions. [ citation needed ] Voluntary exchange is a fundamental assumption in classical economics and neoclassical economics which forms the basis of contemporary mainstream economics . [ 1 ]

  6. Market (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_(economics)

    Trade networks are very old and in this picture the blue line shows the trade network of the Radhanites, c. 870 CE. Weber defines "formal rationality of economic action" to designate the extent of quantitative calculation or accounting and "substantive rationality" as the degree a group of persons is or could be adequately provided with good by ...

  7. Voluntaryism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntaryism

    Voluntaryism (UK: / ˈ v ɒ l ən t ər i ɪ z əm /, [1] US: /-t ɛr-/; [1] sometimes voluntarism [2] / ˈ v ɒ l ən t ər ɪ z əm /) [3] is used to describe the philosophy of Auberon Herbert, and later that of the authors and supporters of The Voluntaryist magazine, which supports a voluntary-funded state (i.e. "the Voluntary State"), meaning a lack of coercion and force in matters such as ...

  8. Non-monetary economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-monetary_economy

    Unlike a market economy, the core economy relies on specialization reinforced by a "do-it-yourself" attitude that “Builds self-esteem and a voluntary interdependence that replaces involuntary dependence that comes w/ industrial and market specialization” [1] and where self-sufficiency is based upon interdependent family or community units ...

  9. Economic sociology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sociology

    Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena. The field can be broadly divided into a classical period and a ...