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While octaves commonly refer to the perfect octave (P8), the interval of an octave in music theory encompasses chromatic alterations within the pitch class, meaning that G ♮ to G ♯ (13 semitones higher) is an Augmented octave (A8), and G ♮ to G ♭ (11 semitones higher) is a diminished octave (d8).
List of musical scales and modes Name Image Sound Degrees Intervals Integer notation # of pitch classes Lower tetrachord Upper tetrachord Use of key signature usual or unusual ; 15 equal temperament
Some scales use a different number of pitches. A common scale in Eastern music is the pentatonic scale, which consists of five notes that span an octave. For example, in the Chinese culture, the pentatonic scale is usually used for folk music and consists of C, D, E, G and A, commonly known as gong, shang, jue, chi and yu. [14] [15]
A guitarist performing a C chord with G bass. In Western music theory, a chord is a group [a] of notes played together for their harmonic consonance or dissonance.The most basic type of chord is a triad, so called because it consists of three distinct notes: the root note along with intervals of a third and a fifth above the root note. [1]
The beta chord may be created from a diminished seventh chord by adding a diminished octave. It may be created from a major chord by adding the sharpened root (solfege: in C, di is C ♯: C ♯, E, G, C ♮), [62] or from a diminished triad by adding the root's major 7th (called a diminished major 7th, or C# o Maj7.
The blues scale is so named for its use of blue notes. Since blue notes are alternate inflections, strictly speaking there can be no one blues scale, [8] but the scale most commonly called "the blues scale" comprises the minor pentatonic scale and an additional flat 5th scale degree: C E ♭ F G ♭ G B ♭ C. [9] [10] [11]
A heptatonic scale is a musical scale that has seven pitches, or tones, per octave. Examples include: Examples include: the diatonic scale ; including the major scale and its modes (notably the natural minor scale, or Aeolian mode)
Besides these five types there are many more seventh-chords, which are less used in the tonal harmony of the common-practice period. [80] An approximate "ranking by frequency of the seventh chords in major". [82] V 7 ⓘ (dominant), ii 7 ⓘ (minor), vii ø 7 ⓘ (half-diminished), IVM 7 ⓘ (major), vi 7 ⓘ, IM 7 ⓘ, or iii 7 ⓘ