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The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, [1] is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. [2] The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV
Blood test results for persons with infectious mononucleosis include an elevated white blood cell count, an increased percentage of atypical mononuclear cells. Liver enzymes are often elevated. A positive "mono spot" test is useful in confirming the diagnosis but a negative result does not rule out primary EBV infection.
Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). [2] [3] Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. [2] In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and ...
Heterophile antibodies are IgM antibodies with affinity for sheep and horse red blood cells. They appear during the first week of infectious mononucleosis symptoms, 3–4 weeks after infection and return to undetectable levels 3 to 6 months after infection. Heterophile antibody is a fairly specific but insensitive test for EBV.
The antigen test checks for a protein on the virus and needs a certain amount of the virus to show a positive result. It typically turns negative within five to 14 days after infection."
Criteria for a positive MMA will vary by laboratory, though the originally established threshold set by Sandra Nance et al., is >20% phagocytic activity observed. [ 13 ] Clinically, a positive MMA would indicate that the patient's serum used in the assay contains clinically significant antibodies that are capable of causing antibody-mediated ...
A scientific analysis published in The BMJ in 2021 notes that these tests “produce very few false positive results” and a lot of the accuracy surrounding them depends on factors like how well ...
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) causes the illness referred to as Mononucleosis. In the infectious stage of this illness, individuals will have Epstein Barr viral capsid antigens (EBV-VCA) in their mouth and blood. [1] [2] The viral capsid of a virus is the complex of proteins that surrounds the genetic material inside the virus. Epstein Barr virus ...