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Chlorine dioxide is also superior to chlorine when operating above pH 7, [17]: 4–33 in the presence of ammonia and amines, [28] and for the control of biofilms in water distribution systems. [25] Chlorine dioxide is used in many industrial water treatment applications as a biocide, including cooling towers, process water, and food processing ...
A diagnostic test may use a chloridometer to determine the serum chloride level. The North American Dietary Reference Intake recommends a daily intake of between 2300 and 3600 mg/day for 25-year-old males. Reference ranges for blood tests, showing blood content of chloride at far right in the spectrum.
An exception is for acid–base and blood gases, which are generally given for arterial blood. [citation needed] Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays). [6]
Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (P a CO 2) 4.7–6.0 kPa 35–45 mmHg [13] The carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2) is an indicator of CO 2 production and elimination: for a constant metabolic rate, the PaCO 2 is determined entirely by its elimination through ventilation. [14]
In physiology, base excess and base deficit refer to an excess or deficit, respectively, in the amount of base present in the blood. The value is usually reported as a concentration in units of mEq/L (mmol/L), with positive numbers indicating an excess of base and negative a deficit. A typical reference range for base excess is −2 to +2 mEq/L ...
The sleep study was only conducted over a single night, so the data on sleep duration may not represent long-term sleep patterns. Blood pressure decreases by 10% at the time of sleep onset, and ...
Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of food metabolism and in high amounts has toxic effects including: dyspnea, acidosis and altered consciousness. [8] Arterial blood carbon dioxide tension. P a CO 2 – Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level in arterial blood is between 35 and 45 mmHg (4.7 and 6.0 kPa). [9] Venous blood carbon dioxide tension