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This page provides supplementary chemical data on Cocaine in free base form. More commonly available "powder cocaine" is a hydrochloride salt whose properties will differ. Material Safety Data Sheet
The rate of absorption after nasal insufflation is limited by cocaine-induced vasoconstriction of capillaries in the nasal mucosa. Onset of absorption after oral ingestion is delayed because cocaine is a weak base with a pKa of 8.6, and is thus in an ionized form that is poorly absorbed from the acidic stomach and easily absorbed from the ...
In the United States, past year cocaine users in 2019 was 5.5 million for people aged 12 or older. When broken into age groups, ages 12–17 had 97,000 users; ages 18–25 had 1.8 million users and ages 26 or older had 3.6 million users. [10] Past year cocaine users with a cocaine use disorder in 2019 was 1 million for people aged 12 or older.
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Absorption half-life 1 h, elimination half-life 12 h. Biological half-life ( elimination half-life , pharmacological half-life ) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication ) to decrease from its maximum concentration ( C max ) to half of C max in the blood plasma .
The indicator is the "annual prevalence" rate which is the percentage of the youth and adult population who have consumed the drug at least once in the past year. According to a 2019 study, 5 Swiss cities ( St Gallen , Bern , Zurich , Basel and Geneva ) were listed among top 10 European cities for cocaine use .
Of all cocaine users, women of childbearing age comprise 15–17%. [26] An estimated 0.6 to 3% of pregnant women in the developed world use cocaine. [ 6 ] [ 11 ] A 1995 survey in the US found that between 30,000 and 160,000 cases of prenatal exposure to cocaine occur each year. [ 47 ]
Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. [1] [2]The drug travels by some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution). [3]