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For example, Addison's disease causes hyperpigmentation in the mouth and may be noticed during an exam followed alongside other systemic symptoms. An oral biopsy alongside other relevant tests (i.e. bloods) should be taken and confirmed for diagnosis for any type of oral melanosis which you suspect to be caused by an underlying disease.
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis. Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair. The process of melanin synthesis (melanogenesis ...
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (often abbreviated PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa ( melanosis ). [ 2] This syndrome can be classed as one of various hereditary intestinal polyposis ...
Lichen planus ( LP) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. [ 1][ 2] It is not an actual lichen, but is named for its appearance. [ 3] It is characterized by polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules and plaques with overlying, reticulated, fine white scale ( Wickham's striae ...
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, [ 4] is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands ( adrenal cortex ), causing adrenal insufficiency. [ 5][ 6] Symptoms generally come on ...
Hyperpigmentation is caused by increased melanin production in your skin. "Melanocytes, which are cells in your skin, are responsible for skin pigmentation, and an increase in UV exposure is the ...
Oral submucous fibrosis. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta- epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the sub mucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). As the disease progresses, the oral ...
Murad's brightening serum uses a combination of vitamin C, tranexamic acid, resorcinol, and glycolic acid to brighten and exfoliate the skin to lighten hyperpigmentation. Given the glycolic acid ...
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