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Oral pigmentation. Oral pigmentation is asymptomatic and does not usually cause any alteration to the texture or thickness of the affected area. The colour can be uniform or speckled and can appear solitary or as multiple lesions. [ 1] Depending on the site, depth, and quantity of pigment, the appearance can vary considerably.
Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis,. Also tar-components (benzopyrenes) are known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause. These chemical agents have a polycyclic, cha
Lichen planus ( LP) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. [ 1][ 2] It is not an actual lichen, but is named for its appearance. [ 3] It is characterized by polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules and plaques with overlying, reticulated, fine white scale ( Wickham's striae ...
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis. Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair. The process of melanin synthesis (melanogenesis ...
Cause. Drug-induced pigmentation of the skin may occur as a consequence of drug administration, and the mechanism may be postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in some cases, but frequently is related to actual deposition of the offending drug in the skin. [2] : 125–6 The incidence of this change varies, and depends on the type of medication ...
Oral submucous fibrosis. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta- epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the sub mucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). As the disease progresses, the oral ...
Azelaic acid. Kojic acid. Niacinamide (aka vitamin B3) In addition, “vitamin C and vitamin E can act to fade pigment,” says Dr. Miller. “Alpha or beta. hydroxy acids, such as mandelic acid ...
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (often abbreviated PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa ( melanosis ). [ 2] This syndrome can be classed as one of various hereditary intestinal polyposis ...
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