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Learn about the four stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling, and how they affect the outcome of the healing. Find out how wound care, infection, diabetes and other factors can influence the healing process and cause chronic wounds.
Necrosis is the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis, caused by external factors such as infection or trauma. There are six distinctive morphological patterns of necrosis, such as coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, caseous, fat and fibrinoid necrosis.
Pressure ulcers are localised damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear or friction. They can be painful, life-threatening and difficult to treat, especially in immobile or elderly people. Learn about the risk factors, stages, diagnosis and management of pressure ulcers.
Self-preservation is a behavior or set of behaviors that ensures the survival of an organism. It is thought to be universal among all living organisms and involves pain, fear, and adaptation. Learn more about self-preservation in different contexts, such as social, economic, and cellular.
Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens the bones and increases the risk of fractures, especially in older people. It can be caused by various factors, such as hormonal changes, medications, diseases, or lifestyle habits. Learn how to diagnose, treat, and prevent osteoporosis.
The fluid replaced is different at different institutions. If a crystalloid like normal saline (NS) is used, the infusion amount should be triple what is removed as the 3:1 ratio of normal saline for plasma is needed to keep up oncotic pressure. Some institutions use human serum albumin, but it is costly
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Learn about the common causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of concussions, as well as the possible complications and outcomes.
Learn how gas solubility, diffusion and bubble formation affect the human body during exposure to changes in ambient pressure. Find out how decompression models and schedules are used to prevent decompression sickness.