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e. In economics, nominal value refers to value measured in terms of absolute money amounts, whereas real value is considered and measured against the actual goods or services for which it can be exchanged at a given time. Real value takes into account inflation and the value of an asset in relation to its purchasing power.
Price index. A price index ( plural: "price indices" or "price indexes") is a normalized average (typically a weighted average) of price relatives for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time. It is a statistic designed to help to compare how these price relatives, taken as a whole, differ between ...
This distinction should not be confused with the difference between "nominal prices" (current-value) and "real prices" (adjusted for price inflation, and/or tax and/or ancillary charges). [3] It is more similar to, though not identical with, the distinction between "theoretical value" and "market price" in financial economics.
Time preference. In economics, time preference (or time discounting, [ 1] delay discounting, temporal discounting, [ 2] long-term orientation[ 3]) is the current relative valuation placed on receiving a good or some cash at an earlier date compared with receiving it at a later date. [ 1]
Real gross domestic product ( real GDP) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes (i.e. inflation or deflation ). [ 1] This adjustment transforms the money-value measure, nominal GDP, into an index for quantity of total output. Although GDP is total output, it is primarily useful because it closely ...
A consumer price index ( CPI) is a price index, the price of a weighted average market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. Changes in measured CPI track changes in prices over time. [ 1] The CPI is calculated by using a representative basket of goods and services. The basket is updated periodically to reflect changes ...
This happens because some prices change more than others, which means relative prices have changed. The use of adjusted figures is used in undertaking some forms of economic analysis. For example, to report on the relative economic successes of two nations, real wage figures are more useful than nominal figures.
Dynamic pricing. Dynamic pricing, also referred to as surge pricing, demand pricing, or time-based pricing, and variable pricing is a revenue management pricing strategy in which businesses set flexible prices for products or services based on current market demands. It usually entails raising prices during periods of peak demand and lowering ...