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t. e. Phrenology or craniology (from Ancient Greek φρήν (phrēn) 'mind' and λόγος (logos) 'knowledge') is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. [1][2] It is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific ...
An earlier use of the term was in 1843 by the French physiologist François Magendie, that refers to phrenology as "a pseudo-science of the present day". [ 3 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] During the 20th century, the word was used pejoratively to describe explanations of phenomena which were claimed to be scientific, but which were not in fact supported by ...
The first is the theory of modularity. Stemming from phrenology, this theory supports functional specialization, suggesting the brain has different modules that are domain specific in function. The second theory, distributive processing, proposes that the brain is more interactive and its regions are functionally interconnected rather than ...
Edinburgh Phrenological Society. The Society's former museum in Chambers Street, Edinburgh bears sculpted portraits of prominent figures in the field of phrenology. The last recorded meeting of the Society took place in 1870. The Society's museum closed in 1886. The Edinburgh Phrenological Society was founded in 1820 by George Combe, an ...
Michel Foucault. Paul-Michel Foucault (UK: / ˈfuːkoʊ / FOO-koh, US: / fuːˈkoʊ / foo-KOH; [9] French: [pɔl miʃɛl fuko]; 15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who was also an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher. Foucault's theories primarily addressed the relationships ...
Phrenology has been a cultural factor in the Latter Day Saint movement (informally Mormons) since around the time of its founding in 1830. [1] Phrenology is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. [3] [4] Developed in the 1790s, it became widely popular in the United States in the 1830s and ...
The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism, and Their Applications to Human Welfare was a British journal, devoted to the promotion of the theories and practices (and the collection and dissemination of reports of the applications) of the pseudoscientific concepts of mesmerism and phrenology, and the enterprise of "connecting and harmonizing practical science with little ...
Cranioscopy. Cranioscopy is a term created by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828), a German neuroanatomist and physiologist who was a pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain, to name his technique to infer localization of function in the brain on the basis of the external anatomy of the skull or cranium.