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Iterator. In computer programming, an iterator is an object that progressively provides access to each item of a collection, in order. [1] [2] [3] A collection may provide multiple iterators via its interface that provide items in different orders, such as forwards and backwards. An iterator is often implemented in terms of the structure ...
Python syntax and semantics. A snippet of Python code with keywords highlighted in bold yellow font. The syntax of the Python programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Python program will be written and interpreted (by both the runtime system and by human readers). The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java ...
An interior point method was discovered by Soviet mathematician I. I. Dikin in 1967. [1] The method was reinvented in the U.S. in the mid-1980s. In 1984, Narendra Karmarkar developed a method for linear programming called Karmarkar's algorithm, [2] which runs in provably polynomial time (() operations on L-bit numbers, where n is the number of variables and constants), and is also very ...
Busy waiting. In computer science and software engineering, busy-waiting, busy-looping or spinning is a technique in which a process repeatedly checks to see if a condition is true, such as whether keyboard input or a lock is available. Spinning can also be used to generate an arbitrary time delay, a technique that was necessary on systems that ...
Compare-and-swap. In computer science, compare-and-swap ( CAS) is an atomic instruction used in multithreading to achieve synchronization. It compares the contents of a memory location with a given value and, only if they are the same, modifies the contents of that memory location to a new given value. This is done as a single atomic operation.
Variable-length array. In computer programming, a variable-length array ( VLA ), also called variable-sized or runtime-sized, is an array data structure whose length is determined at runtime, instead of at compile time. [1] In the language C, the VLA is said to have a variably modified data type that depends on a value (see Dependent type ).
In computer programming, an entry point is the place in a program where the execution of a program begins, and where the program has access to command line arguments. [failed verification][ 1] To start a program's execution, the loader or operating system passes control to its entry point. (During booting, the operating system itself is the ...
Symbolic execution. In computer science, symbolic execution (also symbolic evaluation or symbex) is a means of analyzing a program to determine what inputs cause each part of a program to execute. An interpreter follows the program, assuming symbolic values for inputs rather than obtaining actual inputs as normal execution of the program would.