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The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
Appearance. Science in the ancient world encompasses the earliest history of science from the protoscience of prehistory and ancient history to late antiquity. In ancient times, culture and knowledge were passed through oral tradition. The development of writing further enabled the preservation of knowledge and culture, allowing information to ...
Ancient Greek technology developed during the 5th century BC, continuing up to and including the Roman period, and beyond. Inventions that are credited to the ancient Greeks include the gear, screw, rotary mills, bronze casting techniques, water clock, water organ, the torsion catapult, the use of steam to operate some experimental machines and ...
The history of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent dates back to the earliest civilizations of the world. The Indus Valley civilization yields evidence of mathematics , hydrography , metrology , metallurgy , astronomy , medicine , surgery , civil engineering and sewage collection and disposal being practiced by its inhabitants.
Classical antiquity is traditionally defined as the period between the 8th century BC (beginning of Archaic Greece) and the 6th century AD (after which there was medieval science ). It is typically limited geographically to the Greco-Roman West, Mediterranean basin, and Ancient Near East, thus excluding traditions of science in the ancient ...
The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. [ 1] Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, classical antiquity, and the Middle Ages declined ...
Greek technology. Roman technology. Iranian technology. Ancient Egyptian technology describes devices and technologies invented or used in Ancient Egypt. The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp and the lever, to aid construction processes. They used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships.
Ancient Roman engineering. Reconstruction of a 10.4 m (34 ft) high Roman Polyspastos in Germany. The ancient Romans were famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments. Technology for bringing running water into cities was developed in the east, [clarification needed] but transformed by the Romans into a technology inconceivable in Greece.