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This article lists the character entity references that are valid in HTML and XML documents. A character entity reference refers to the content of a named entity. An entity declaration is created in XML, SGML and HTML documents (before HTML5) by using the <!ENTITY name "value"> syntax in a Document type definition (DTD).
Character entity references can also have the format &name; where name is a case-sensitive alphanumeric string. For example, "λ" can also be encoded as λ in an HTML document. The character entity references < , > , " and & are predefined in HTML and SGML, because < , > , " and & are already used to delimit markup.
Character entities can be included in an HTML document via the use of entity references, which take the form &EntityName;, where EntityName is the name of the entity. For example, — , much like — or — , represents U+ 2014 : the em dash character "—" even if the character encoding used doesn't contain that character.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
A document type declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an instruction that associates a particular XML or SGML document (for example, a web page) with a document type definition (DTD) (for example, the formal definition of a particular version of HTML 2.0 - 4.0). [1] In the serialized form of the document, it manifests as a short string of markup that ...
Numeric character reference. A numeric character reference (NCR) is a common markup construct used in SGML and SGML-derived markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn, represents a single character. Since WebSgml, XML and HTML 4, the code points of the Universal Character Set (UCS) of ...
The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. [1]
On a computer running the Microsoft Windows operating system, many special characters that have decimal equivalent codepoint numbers below 256 can be typed in by using the keyboard's Alt + decimal equivalent code numbers keys. For example, the character é (Small e with acute accent, HTML entity code é) can be obtained by pressing Alt + 130.