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Well drilling is the process of drilling a hole in the ground for the extraction of a natural resource such as ground water, brine, natural gas, or petroleum, for the injection of a fluid from surface to a subsurface reservoir or for subsurface formations evaluation or monitoring.
A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn up by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets that
A well that is designed to produce only gas may be termed a gas well. Wells are created by drilling down into an oil or gas reserve and if necessary equipped with extraction devices such as pumpjacks.
Well completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations. This principally involves preparing the bottom of the hole to the required specifications, running in the production tubing and its associated down hole tools as well as perforating and stimulating as required.
Drilling for boreholes was time-consuming and long. As the depth of the holes varied, the drilling of a single well could last nearly one full decade. [4] It was not up until the 19th century that Europe and the West would catch up and rival ancient Chinese borehole drilling technology. [10] [5]
In the 1920s drilling activities occurred from concrete platforms in Venezuela's Lake Maracaibo. [5] One of the oldest subsea wells is the Bibi Eibat well, which came on stream in 1923 in Azerbaijan. [6] [dubious – discuss] The well was located on an artificial island in a shallow portion of the Caspian Sea.
The development of rotary drilling techniques where the density of the drilling fluid is sufficient to overcome the downhole pressure [definition needed] of a newly penetrated zone meant that gushers became avoidable. However, if the fluid density was not adequate or fluids were lost to the formation, then there was still a significant risk of ...
An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer. The fluid may be water , wastewater , brine (salt water), or water mixed with industrial chemical waste.
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