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The gun acquires a rearward velocity that is ratio of this momentum by the mass of the gun: the heavier the gun, the slower the rearward velocity. As an example, a 8 g (124 gr) bullet of 9×19mm Parabellum flying forward at 350 m/s muzzle speed generates a momentum to push a 0.8 kg pistol firing it at 3.5 m/s rearward, if unopposed by the shooter.
Let m b and v b stand for the mass and velocity of the bullet, the latter just before hitting the target, and let m t and v t stand for the mass and velocity of the target after being hit. Conservation of momentum requires m b v b = m t v t. Solving for the target's velocity gives v t = m b v b / m t = 0.016 kg × 360 m/s / 77 kg = 0.07 m/s = 0 ...
The rearward energy of the firearm is the free recoil and the forward energy of the bullet is the muzzle energy. The concept of free recoil comes from the tolerability of gross recoil energy. Trying to figure the net recoil energy of a firearm (also known as felt recoil) is a futile endeavor. Even if the recoil energy loss can be calculated ...
Also, recoil can alternatively be measured by recoil velocity or recoil energy instead of by recoil impulse. An alternative formula for simplified recoil measurement which also takes into account firearm weight, gun powder weight and the velocity of the gun powder gases has been suggested: [ 6 ]
The first was to attach the gun to the pendulum, and measure the recoil. Since the momentum of the gun is equal to the momentum of the ejecta, and since the projectile was (in those experiments) the large majority of the mass of the ejecta, the velocity of the bullet could be approximated. The second, and more accurate method, was to directly ...
This caused many existing toy gun products on the Chinese market (particularly airsoft) to become illegal overnight, as almost all airsoft guns shooting a standard 0.20 g (3.1 gr) 6 mm (0.24 in) pellet have a muzzle velocity over 76 m/s (250 ft/s), which translates to more than 0.58 J (0.43 ft⋅lbf) of muzzle energy, or 2.0536 J/cm 2 of "ratio ...
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Gun dynamics describes the physical ... A curved barrel in recoil is similar to a straight ... with an offset of 0.1 mm and spin velocity of 500 cycles/sec ...