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Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
The exonym Persia was the official name of Iran in the Western world before March 1935, but the Iranian peoples inside their country since the time of Zoroaster (probably circa 1000 BC), or even before, have called their country Arya, Iran, Iranshahr, Iranzamin (Land of Iran), Aryānām (the equivalent of Iran in the proto-Iranian language) or ...
The 18th largest country in the world, Iran is approximately the size of the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Germany combined and has a population of over 82 million people. Iran borders Armenia , Azerbaijan , to the north-west, Russia and Kazakhstan through the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the north-east, Afghanistan and ...
Mahmud proclaimed himself 'Shah' of Persia. Meanwhile, Persia's imperial rivals, the Ottomans and the Russians, took advantage of the chaos in the country to seize more territory for themselves. [138] By these events, the Safavid dynasty had effectively ended.
Before the British colonised the Indian subcontinent, Persian was the region's lingua franca and a widely used official language in what are now north India and Pakistan. . The language was brought into the region by various Turkic, Persian and Afghan dynasties, in particular the Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Dyna
The Persians (/ ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ən z / PUR-zhənz or / ˈ p ɜːr ʃ ən z / PUR-shənz) are a Western Iranian ethnic group who comprise the majority of the population of Iran. [4] They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language [6] [7] [8] as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian.
Iranians have traditionally been highly sensitive to foreign interference in their country, pointing to such events as the Russian conquest of northern parts of the country in the course of the 19th century, the tobacco concession, the British and Russian occupations of the First and Second World Wars, and the CIA plot to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq.
Czechoslovakia – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in World War II, but the government was in exile, dissolved in 1992 and broke up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Korea – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and South Korea , and a portion ...