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In childhood, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients can expect a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 80%. [1] Among the approximately 25% of children who relapse, survival rates drop to 30-50%, with patients generally showing a much poorer prognosis. [1]
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells [1] [2] [3] caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 . [4] All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. [ 4 ]
It is estimated that 60–80% of adults undergoing induction chemotherapy achieve complete remission after 4 weeks, and those over the age of 70 have a cure rate of 5%. [ 48 ] [ 75 ] Graphs of overall survival rates at 5 years and 10 years in people in pediatric care and adults with ALL
T-cell leukemia describes several different types of lymphoid leukemia which affect T cells. Types include: [1] Large granular lymphocytic leukemia; Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia; In practice, it can be hard to distinguish T-cell leukemia from T-cell lymphoma, and they are often grouped together.
As the name suggests, T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia is characterized by involvement of cytotoxic-T cells). [ 2 ] In a study based in the US, the average age of diagnosis was 66.5 years [ 3 ] whereas in a French study the median age at diagnosis was 59 years (with an age range of 12–87 years old). [ 4 ]
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a very rare and aggressive leukemia affecting adults; somewhat more men than women are diagnosed with this disease. [24] Despite its overall rarity, it is the most common type of mature T cell leukemia; [25] nearly all other leukemias involve B cells. It is difficult to treat, and the median survival is ...
The human T-cell leukemia virus-1 is endemic in regions such as Japan and the Caribbean and has been associated with the increased risk of T-cell lymphoma such as Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). [10] HTLV-1 has been attributed to 56% and 78% of all ATL cases in Japan and the Caribbean respectively. [9]
T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. [1] T-PLL is a very rare leukemia, primarily affecting adults over the age of 30. It represents 2% of all small lymphocytic leukemias in adults. [2]