Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Caffeine can be used as a probe for three different enzymes by measuring several of its urinary metabolites and comparing their relative concentrations. The 'Cooperstown 5 + 1 cocktail', [ 2 ] in addition to the four drug probes mentioned above, incorporates warfarin as well.
Any antiretroviral drug: Black tar heroin: Whoonga, Nyaope [8] Widespread use in South Africa. Whoonga is classically reputed to be a combination of heroin with antiretroviral drugs such as ritonavir and/or efavirenz, often combined with additional drugs such as cannabis or hashish, methamphetamine and/or methaqualone: Any deliriant or diphen ...
At one extreme is planned use, where the effects of more than one drug are taken for a desired effect. Another type is when other drugs are used to counteract the negative side effects of a different drug (e.g. depressants are used to counteract anxiety and restlessness from taking stimulants).
A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs. Interactions may occur by simultaneous targeting of receptors, directly or indirectly. For example, both Zolpidem and alcohol affect GABA A receptors, and their simultaneous consumption results in the overstimulation of the receptor, which can ...
Additive effect often occurs when two similar drugs are taken together to achieve the same degree of therapeutic effect while reducing the specific adverse effect of one particular drug. For example, aspirin, paracetamol, and caffeine are formulated together to treat pain caused by tension headaches and migraine.
These drugs cause a surge in two chemicals: dopamine, the feel-good chemical, and norepinephrine, which raises our heart rate and keeps us alert. Like most drugs, flakka comes with a comedown .
Recent research reveals that caffeine has health benefits for most moderate coffee drinkers. Here are the pros and cons of drinking certain coffees, with expert insights and advice.
DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine) is a caffeine analog which displays affinity to A 2 adenosine receptors, in contrast to the A 1 subtype receptors. [1] DMPX had 28× and 15× higher potency than caffeine in blocking peripheral and central NECA-responses. The locomotor stimulation caused by DMPX (ED 50 10 μmol/kg) was similarly higher ...