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Sometimes the article is more readable if multiple citations are bundled into a single footnote. For example, when there are multiple sources for a given sentence, and each source applies to the entire sentence, the sources can be placed at the end of the sentence, like this.
In the author–date method (Harvard referencing), [4] the in-text citation is placed in parentheses after the sentence or part thereof that the citation supports. The citation includes the author's name, year of publication, and page number(s) when a specific part of the source is referred to (Smith 2008, p. 1) or (Smith 2008:1).
The reference list shows the full citations with a cite label that matches the in-text cite. The cite label is a caret ^ with a backlink to the in-text cite. When a named in-text cite is invoked multiple times, multiple alphabetic back links are created after the cite label in the reference list.
The citation link will point to the first Harvard reference in the References section that matches both the author(s) and publication date (see examples below). Both the in-text citations and the references at the bottom of the page have format rules. For a full description of their format with examples, see Harvard referencing.
If two or more calls to {} use the same citation parameters, that is, if the author(s), year, and page number(s) are all identical, but there is some other difference, such as a use of pp= vs p=, or a use of ps= in one but not the other, this issue will arise. The solution is to make the calls identical.
Template harvnb creates a short author–date citation with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. {{}} is designed to be used to create shortened footnotes, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a complete citation in the references section at the end of the article (see example below).
When editing, you'll see your reference next to the text; but after saving, readers will only see a reference number there; your reference should appear below. Good luck! If you get a warning about a missing "References" section at the end of the page, just add it:
The most common method of using shortened footnotes is with the {{}} template for the shortened footnotes, and {{}} templates for the full citation. The Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 templates automatically create an anchor for an {{}} link, using the author last name and the year.