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Personal data, also known as personal information or personally identifiable information (PII), [1] [2] [3] is any information related to an identifiable person. The abbreviation PII is widely used in the United States , but the phrase it abbreviates has four common variants based on personal or personally , and identifiable or identifying .
The gathering of personally identifiable information (PII) refers to the collection of public and private personal data that can be used to identify individuals for various purposes, both legal and illegal. PII gathering is often seen as a privacy threat by data owners, while entities such as technology companies, governments, and organizations ...
Personal Identifiers (PID) are a subset of personally identifiable information (PII) data elements, which identify an individual and can permit another person to "assume" that individual's identity without their knowledge or consent. [1] PIIs include direct identifiers (name, social security number) and indirect identifiers (race, ethnicity ...
Other forms of PII may include GPS tracking data used by apps, [5] as the daily commute and routine information can be enough to identify an individual. [ 6 ] It has been suggested that the "appeal of online services is to broadcast personal information on purpose."
Quasi-identifiers can thus, when combined, become personally identifying information. This process is called re-identification . As an example, Latanya Sweeney has shown that even though neither gender , birth dates nor postal codes uniquely identify an individual, the combination of all three is sufficient to identify 87% of individuals in the ...
Anonymization refers to irreversibly severing a data set from the identity of the data contributor in a study to prevent any future re-identification, even by the study organizers under any condition. [10] [11] De-identification may also include preserving identifying information which can only be re-linked by a trusted party in certain situations.
Related: Dick Vitale Says His Vocal Cord Cancer Is ‘Gone’ but Will Wait to Return to ESPN Broadcasting Job In a Dec. 5 update, Vitale said, “I feel terrific but have lots of anxiety about ...
Before the Schrems II ruling, pseudonymization was a technique used by security experts or government officials to hide personally identifiable information to maintain data structure and privacy of information. Some common examples of sensitive information include postal code, location of individuals, names of individuals, race and gender, etc.
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