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  2. Hydrogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenation

    Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H 2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule ...

  3. Bergius process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergius_process

    Generally, this process is similar to hydrogenation. The output is at three levels: heavy oil, middle oil, gasoline. The middle oil is hydrogenated in order to get more gasoline and the heavy oil is mixed with the coal again and the process restarts. In this way, heavy oil and middle oil fractions are also reused in this process.

  4. Fat hydrogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_hydrogenation

    Whereas Sabatier considered hydrogenation of only vapors, the German chemist Wilhelm Normann showed in 1901 that liquid oils could be hydrogenated, and patented the process in 1902. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Normann's hydrogenation process made it possible to stabilize affordable whale oil or fish oil for human consumption, a practice kept secret to ...

  5. Hydrotreated vegetable oil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrotreated_vegetable_oil

    Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is a biofuel made by the hydrocracking or hydrogenation of vegetable oil.Hydrocracking breaks big molecules into smaller ones using hydrogen while hydrogenation adds hydrogen to molecules.

  6. Coal liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_liquefaction

    One of the main methods of direct conversion of coal to liquids by hydrogenation process is the Bergius process, developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. In this process, dry coal is mixed with heavy oil recycled from the process. A catalyst is typically added to the mixture.

  7. Shale oil extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction

    Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production. This process converts kerogen in oil shale into shale oil by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. The resultant shale oil is used as fuel oil or upgraded to meet refinery feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and removing sulfur and nitrogen ...

  8. H-Bio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-Bio

    Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which a substance is treated with hydrogen, resulting in a new product. In H-Bio, hydrogen is added to vegetable oil and mineral oil , making a usable diesel that is made up of diesel oil and 10% vegetable oil. [ 1 ]

  9. Synthetic fuel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuel

    One of the main methods of direct conversion of coal to liquids by hydrogenation process is the Bergius process. [33] In this process, coal is liquefied by heating in the presence of hydrogen gas (hydrogenation). Dry coal is mixed with heavy oil recycled from the process. Catalysts are typically added to the mixture.