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Despite treatment, a patient's mortality rate can be significantly higher with Stage IV cancer, e.g., the cancer can progress to become terminal. Within the TNM system, a cancer may also be designated as recurrent, meaning that it has appeared again after being in remission or after all visible tumor has been eliminated.
The rate of cancer recurrence is determined by many factors, including age, sex, cancer type, treatment duration, stage of advancement, grade of original tumor, and cancer-specific risk factors. [2] [3] [4] If recurrent cancer has already moved to other body parts or has developed chemo-resistance then it may be more aggressive than original ...
The diagnosis of any cancer in a person (pathology) Therapy (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other modalities) Follow-up of cancer patients after successful treatment; Palliative care of patients with terminal malignancies; Ethical questions surrounding cancer care; Screening efforts: of populations, or
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator .
Residential exposure to radon gas, for example, has similar cancer risks as passive smoking. Radiation is a more potent source of cancer when combined with other cancer-causing agents, such as radon plus tobacco smoke. Radiation can cause cancer in most parts of the body, in all animals and at any age.
y: stage assessed after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; in other words, the individual had neoadjuvant therapy. r: stage for a recurrent tumor in an individual that had some period of time free from the disease. a: stage determined at autopsy. u: stage determined by ultrasonography or endosonography. Clinicians often use this modifier ...
Once a cancer has metastasized it may still be treated with radiosurgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, hormone therapy, surgery, or a combination of these interventions ("multimodal therapy"). The choice of treatment depends on many factors, including the type of primary cancer, the size and location of the metastases ...
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [1] Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months.