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  2. Comparison of programming languages (string functions)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    find_character(string,char) returns integer Description Returns the position of the start of the first occurrence of the character char in string. If the character is not found most of these routines return an invalid index value – -1 where indexes are 0-based, 0 where they are 1-based – or some value to be interpreted as Boolean FALSE.

  3. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

    A stack can be easily implemented either through an array or a linked list, as it is merely a special case of a list. [19] In either case, what identifies the data structure as a stack is not the implementation but the interface: the user is only allowed to pop or push items onto the array or linked list, with few other helper operations.

  4. Comparison of programming languages (associative array)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    The user can search for elements in an associative array, and delete elements from the array. The following shows how multi-dimensional associative arrays can be simulated in standard AWK using concatenation and the built-in string-separator variable SUBSEP:

  5. Pushdown automaton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushdown_automaton

    On the second tape, it can only 'push' and 'pop' data. Or equivalently, it can read, write and move left and right with the restriction that the only action it can perform at each step is to either delete the left-most character in the string (pop) or add an extra character left to the left-most character in the string (push).

  6. Character literal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_literal

    A character literal is a type of literal in programming for the representation of a single character's value within the source code of a computer program. Languages that have a dedicated character data type generally include character literals; these include C , C++ , Java , [ 1 ] and Visual Basic . [ 2 ]

  7. Function (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(computer...

    In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit [1] of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times.

  8. Reserved word - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_word

    There may also be reserved words which have no defined meaning. For example, in Java, goto and const are listed as reserved words, but are not otherwise mentioned in the Java syntax rules. A keyword such as if or while is used during syntax analysis to determine what sort of statement is being considered. Such analysis is much simpler if ...

  9. Pattern matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_matching

    Thus, to match "any amount of trailing characters", a new wildcard ___ is needed in contrast to _ that would match only a single character. In Haskell and functional programming languages in general, strings are represented as functional lists of characters. A functional list is defined as an empty list, or an element constructed on an existing ...