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The 6th Edition Unix documentation gives alloc and free as the low-level memory allocation functions. [7] The malloc and free routines in their modern form are completely described in the 7th Edition Unix manual. [8] [9]
musl was designed from scratch to allow efficient static linking and to have realtime-quality robustness by avoiding race conditions, internal failures on resource exhaustion, and various other bad worst-case behaviors present in existing implementations. [4]
Mixing the two families of operations, e.g., free 'ing new 'ly allocated memory or delete 'ing malloc 'd memory, causes undefined behavior and in practice can lead to various catastrophic results such as failure to release locks and thus deadlock. [7]
C permits the use and implementation of different memory allocation schemes, including a typical malloc and free; a more sophisticated mechanism with arenas; or a version for an OS kernel that may suit DMA, use within interrupt handlers, or integrated with the virtual memory system.
A stale pointer bug, otherwise known as an aliasing bug, is a class of subtle programming errors that can arise in code that does dynamic memory allocation, especially via the malloc function or equivalent.
These functions are typically called from a higher-level memory management library function such as malloc. In the original Unix system, brk and sbrk were the only ways in which applications could acquire additional heap space; later versions allowed this to also be done using the mmap call.
Memory pools allow memory allocation with constant execution time. The memory release for thousands of objects in a pool is just one operation, not one by one if malloc is used to allocate memory for each object. Memory pools can be grouped in hierarchical tree structures, which is suitable for special programming structures like loops and ...
mimalloc (pronounced "me-malloc") is a free and open-source compact general-purpose memory allocator developed by Microsoft [2] with focus on performance characteristics. The library is about 11000 lines of code and works as a drop-in replacement for malloc of the C standard library [3] and requires no additional code changes.