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Acid erosion is a type of tooth wear.It is defined as the irreversible loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. [1] Dental erosion is the most common chronic condition of children ages 5–17, [2] although it is only relatively recently that it has been recognised as a dental health problem. [3]
The pathological wear of the tooth surface can be caused by bruxism, which is clenching and grinding of the teeth. If the attrition is severe, the enamel can be completely worn away leaving underlying dentin exposed, resulting in an increased risk of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity .
These forms of tooth wear can further lead to a condition known as abfraction, [3] where by tooth tissue is 'fractured' due to stress lesions caused by extrinsic forces on the enamel. Tooth wear is a complex, multi-factorial problem and there is often difficulty identifying a single causative factor. [ 3 ]
Demineralization occurs for several reasons, but the most important cause of tooth decay is the ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates. [citation needed] Tooth cavities are caused when acids dissolve tooth enamel: [22] Enamel is also lost through tooth wear and enamel fractures. [23] Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 (s) + 8H + (aq) → 10Ca 2+ (aq) + 6HPO ...
Amelogenesis imperfecta, which occurs in between 1 in 718 and 1 in 14,000 individuals, is a disease in which the enamel does not fully form or forms in insufficient amounts and can fall off a tooth. [42] In both cases, teeth may be left more vulnerable to decay because the enamel is not able to protect the tooth. [43]
Tooth brushing is the most common cause of dental abrasion, which is found to develop along the gingival margin, due to vigorous brushing in this area. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The type of toothbrush, the technique used and the force applied when brushing can influence the occurrence and severity of resulting abrasion. [ 9 ]
The primary cause of enamel wear in the grooves is the direct mechanical forces applied during chewing, such as vertical pressure and lateral forces as teeth grind or shear food. Particularly in areas where food is more frequently trapped or where contact is poor, the continuous friction between the food and the tooth surface causes abrasion ...
Tooth tissue is gradually weakened causing tissue loss through fracture and chipping or successively worn away leaving a non-carious lesion on the tooth surface. These lesions occur in both the dentine and enamel of the tooth. These lesions generally occur around the cervical areas of the dentition. [5]