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A CDC infographic on how antibiotic-resistant bacteria have the potential to spread from farm animals. The use of antibiotics in the husbandry of livestock includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis [1]), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis).
enalapril – ACE-inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure; enrofloxacin – Broad spectrum antibiotic (Gram-positive and -negative) -- not recommended for streptococci, or anaerobic bacteria; equine chorionic gonadotropin – gonadotropic hormone used to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination
The concern over antibiotic use in livestock arises from the necessity antibiotics have in keeping populations disease-free. As of 2016, over 70% of FDA approved antibiotics were utilized in modern, high production poultry farms to prevent, control, and treat disease. [ 5 ]
Bambermycin (flavomycin) is a complex of antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis and Streptomyces ghanaensis used as a food additive for beef cattle, dairy cattle, [1] poultry and swine. [2] The complex consists mainly of moenomycins A and C. [3]
However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. The development of antibiotics has had a profound effect on the health of people for many years. Also, both people and animals have used antibiotics to treat infections and diseases. In practice, both treat bacterial infections. [1]
Sales of antibiotics for food-producing animals are reducing in the UK, but campaigners say further reductions and legislation are needed. Zac Goldsmith calls for end to delay in banning overuse ...
In 1998, the EU banned feeding animals antibiotics that were found to be valuable for human health. Furthermore, in 2006 the EU banned all drugs for livestock that were used for growth promotion purposes. As a result of these bans, the levels of antibiotic resistance in animal products and within the human population showed a decrease. [93] [94]
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